[90], Hayes further struck at the heart of the spoils system by issuing an executive order that forbade assessments, and barred federal office holders from "tak[ing] part in the management of political organizations, caucuses, conventions, or election campaigns. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. [50] Arthur was commissioned as a brigadier general and assigned to the state militia's quartermaster department. [19][c] The family remained in Fairfield until 1832, when William Arthur's profession took them to churches in several towns in Vermont and upstate New York. The United States recognizes the independence of Korea, although Korea's future is uncertain because of Chinese, Russian, and Japanese manipulations. "[112][j] Conkling eventually relented, and campaigned for the ticket. Chester A. Arthur, in full Chester Alan Arthur, (born October 5, 1829, North Fairfield, Vermont, U.S.died November 18, 1886, New York, New York), 21st president of the United States. [214] On April 5, 1882, Arthur was elected to the District of Columbia Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS) as a Third Class Companion (insignia number 02430[215]), the honorary membership category for militia officers and civilians who made significant contributions to the war effort. He had no vice president during his term in office. Major Events of Presidency: Chinese Exclusion Act passed. The United States participates in an international conference establishing standard time. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. [125] Even so, the Senate remained deadlocked for two months over Garfield's nominations because of Conkling's opposition to some of them. President Arthur signed the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, one of the most consequential pieces of immigration legislation in United States History. Copyright 2022. [63], At the time, U.S. custom houses were managed by political appointees who served as Collector, Naval Officer, and Surveyor. His most famous case was his suit against a . [151] Arthur signed the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act into law on January 16, 1883. [205][q] The next morning, Arthur suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and never regained consciousness. [44] At that time, the state was the scene of a brutal struggle between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces, and Arthur lined up firmly with the latter. Although Chester Arthur had risen to power through machine politics, once in the White House he surprised Americans (and alienated Conkling and other supporters) by moving past partisanship. [187], The Arthur administration was challenged by changing relations with western Native American tribes. [74] Grant offered the position to John Augustus Griswold and William Orton, each of whom declined and recommended Arthur. [37] During his winter breaks, he served as a teacher at a school in Schaghticoke. $50,000 in 1871 is equal to $1.13million in present terms. "'Vice Breeds Crime' The 'Germs' of Mark . Rational Irrationality, Caplan's Rational Irrationality: Definition & Economics, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Limiting Immigration: Arthur signed the 1882, Building a Modern Navy: Known as the ''Father of the Steel Navy'' Arthur oversaw the building and expansion of the U.S. Navy, including the establishment of the. Eastern newspapers praised the veto, while it was condemned in the Western states. [203] Instead, Arthur nominated Samuel Blatchford, who had been a judge on the Second Circuit Court of Appeals for the prior four years. [187] In 1882, he signed the Edmunds Act into law; the legislation made polygamy a federal crime, barring polygamists both from public office and the right to vote. [202] Senator George Edmunds was Arthur's next choice, but he declined to be considered. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. [67] The opposing Democratic machine in New York City, known as Tammany Hall, worked for Grant's opponent, former New York Governor Horatio Seymour; while Grant was victorious in the national vote, Seymour narrowly carried the state of New York. [102][103] In the state elections of 1879, he and Conkling worked to ensure that the Republican nominees for state offices would be men of Conkling's faction, who had become known as Stalwarts. When Arthur was nominated for vice president in 1880, a New York attorney and political opponent, Arthur P. Hinman, initially speculated that Arthur was born in Ireland and did not come to the United States until he was fourteen years old. It was an incredibly strict anti-immigration law that was designed to keep Chinese labor out of the American market. All Rights Reserved. [216], Union College awarded Arthur the honorary degree of LL.D. The act is designed to ban companies from importing immigrant workers to break strikes and drive down wages. [175], Chandler appointed an advisory board to prepare a report on modernization, whose goal was to create a Navy that would protect America thousands of miles away, rather than just coastal waters. [119] Candidates for high office did not personally campaign in those days, but as state Republican chairman, Arthur played a part in the campaign in his usual fashion: overseeing the effort in New York and raising money. Arthur was president from 1881-1885, and his presidency was mostly unremarkable, except for a few major events. [128][l], While in Albany on July 2, Arthur learned that Garfield had been shot. Arthur owned at least 80 pairs of pants. Chester A. Arthur (b. October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont) was the 21st president of the United States. His son Washington took over, supervising the construction project that took thirteen years and more than $15 million to complete (three times as long and twice as expensive as had been anticipated). The Democratic nominee, General Winfield Scott Hancock was popular and having avoided taking definitive positions on most issues of the day, he had not offended any pivotal constituencies. [43] Campaign biographers would later give Arthur much of the credit for the victory; in fact his role was minor, although he was certainly an active participant in the case. Arthur became a member of the New York State Militia in the late 1850s, although he never saw combat. The concept of a cigar-store Indian installed in the White House was finally a reassurance to the frightened American people. By 1886 Arthur's health had further deteriorated, and he died of a stroke on the 18 November 1886 at the age of fifty-seven.. Legacy . [143] Conkling expected Arthur to appoint him in Blaine's place, but the President chose Frederick T. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, a Stalwart recommended by ex-President Grant. Worst Presidents: Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885) Arthur is one of only a handful of American leaders who did not win a presidential election at the top of his party's ticket. Chester A. Arthur 21st United States President Previous Next In office Sep. 19, 1881 - Mar. When he became an attorney, he had his law practice in New York City. It remains a symbol of engineering prowess. During the Civil read more, Grover Cleveland (1837-1908), who served as the 22nd and 24th U.S. president, was known as a political reformer. His job involved supervising 1,300 people. Chester Alan Arthur was born on October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont. "[76], The Senate confirmed Arthur's appointment; as Collector he controlled nearly a thousand jobs and received compensation as great as any federal officeholder. Arthur was born in Fairfield, Vermont, grew up in upstate New York and practiced law in New York City. Displayed in the 1953 reconstruction of the boyhood home of Chester A. Arthur, the exhibit panels examine the life and career of the 21 st President of the United States, who was born in Vermont on October 5, 1829. He became a lawyer, served as an engineer in the American Civil War, and later became Collector of the Port of New York, where he was responsible for supervising the collecting of import duties on goods coming into the United States. During his childhood, he moved seven times. He joined other young Whigs in support of Henry Clay, even participating in a brawl against students who supported James K. Polk during the 1844 United States presidential election. When New Yorkers elected Democrat Horatio Seymour governor in November 1862, Arthur lost his position to a member of the other party. He took on few assignments with the firm and was often too ill to leave his house. When the Brooklyn Bridge opened, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world and one of the most revolutionary structures of the era. - Facts & Biography, Thomas Jefferson's Role in the Revolutionary War, Thomas Jefferson: Inventions & Accomplishments, Thomas Jefferson's Home at Monticello: History & Facts, Monticello, Jefferson's Home: Architecture & Garden, Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson: Relationship & Children, Thomas Jefferson: Domestic, Economic & Foreign Policies, Alexander Hamilton & Thomas Jefferson: Relationship & Differences, Thomas Jefferson & the Constitutional Convention, Thomas Jefferson & Religion: Views & Quotes, President Thomas Jefferson's Cabinet: Members & Overview, Thomas Jefferson & Benjamin Franklin: Relationship & Comparison, Western Civilization From 1648 to Today: Certificate Program, Western Civilization Since 1648: Homework Help Resource, American History Since 1865: Tutoring Solution, Post-Civil War U.S. History: Help and Review, DSST The Civil War & Reconstruction: Study Guide & Test Prep, Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators - Writing (5723): Study Guide & Practice, Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators: Reading (5713) Prep, Praxis Social Studies: Content Knowledge (5081) Prep, Praxis Business Education: Content Knowledge (5101) Prep, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, CAHSEE English Exam: Test Prep & Study Guide, Geography 101: Human & Cultural Geography, Chester A. Arthur: Facts, Accomplishments & Quotes, Chester A. Arthur Lesson for Kids: Biography & Facts, Medal of Honor Recipient Sergeant Salvatore Giunta, Cartesian Rationalism vs. Lockean Rationalism, Rational Ignorance vs. The bill establishes a three-man Civil Service Commission and specifies rules for filling federal government positions according to a merit system. Chester Arthur (1829-1886), the 21st U.S. president, took office after the death of President James Garfield (1831-1881). By the time of Garfield's assassination, most political observers thought that Arthur had lost any power or influence that he did have with the president. The President Chester A. Arthur State Historic Site was the first historic site owned by the State of Vermont. "[221] As 2004 biographer Zachary Karabell wrote, although Arthur was "physically stretched and emotionally strained, he strove to do what was right for the country. [142] Despite Arthur's personal appeal to remain, MacVeagh resigned in December 1881 and Arthur replaced him with Benjamin H. Brewster, a Philadelphia lawyer and machine politician reputed to have reformist leanings. [111] They next approached Arthur, and Conkling advised him to also reject the nomination, believing the Republicans would lose. Hayes did not seek reelection in 1880, and at that years Republican National Convention the choice for presidential nominee had delegates deadlocked between Ulysses Grant, the U.S. president from 1869 to 1877, and James Blaine (1830-93), a U.S. senator from Maine. [155] Arthur agreed with his party, and in 1882 called for the abolition of excise taxes on everything except liquor, as well as a simplification of the complex tariff structure. Some older sources list the date as October 5, 1830. [217], In 1898, the Arthur memorial statuea fifteen-foot (4.6m), bronze figure of Arthur standing on a Barre Granite pedestalwas created by sculptor George Edwin Bissell and installed at Madison Square, in New York City. The Conkling machine was solidly behind General Ulysses S. Grant's candidacy for president, and Arthur raised funds for Grant's election in 1868. "[4] [89] Arthur appointed a committee of Custom House workers to determine where the cuts were to be made and, after a written protest, carried them out. Diseases And Disabilities. Arthur pronounced his middle name with the accent on the second syllable. [121] The Electoral College result was more decisive214 to 155and Garfield and Arthur were elected. [97][i] Hayes again offered Arthur the position of consul general in Paris as a face-saving consolation; Arthur again declined, as Hayes knew he probably would. The portion of the law denying citizenship to Chinese-American children born in the United States was later found unconstitutional in, Earlier in 1874, during the Grant administration, Congress approved funds to rebuild four. In the early hours of September 20, Arthur was sworn in as president at his Manhattan brownstone at 123 Lexington Avenue by a New York state judge. General Chester Arthur's Civil War ended effective January 1, 1863. The most important events of his administration were the passage of the Tariff Act of 1883 and of the "Edmunds Law" prohibiting polygamy in the territories, and the completion of three great transcontinental railways -- the Southern Pacific, the Northern Pacific, and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe. He will be convicted on January 25, 1882, and executed on June 30, 1882. [151], At first, the act applied only to 10% of federal jobs and, without proper implementation by the president, it could have gone no further. "[91] Arthur and his subordinates, Naval Officer Alonzo B. Cornell and Surveyor George H. Sharpe, refused to obey the president's order; Sherman encouraged Arthur to resign, offering him appointment by Hayes to the consulship in Paris in exchange, but Arthur refused. [191], Shortly after becoming president, Arthur was diagnosed with Bright's disease, a kidney ailment now referred to as nephritis. Victorian Sterling Silver ARTHUR JOHNSON SMITH - Paste Set Pin Brooch, 1897 Antique, 2.39g. Being obscure, he is not counted among the Presidents whom . Of the nine accused, only two minor defendants are found guilty. . Summary of President Chester Arthur for Kids: "Walrus" Summary: Chester Arthur (1829-1886), nicknamed the "Walrus" or "The Dude President", was the 21st American President and served in office from 1881-1885. So too, as it turns out, is the New York City house in which Arthur was sworn in as president, and died just five . While Arthur reveled in political party life, his family ultimately kept him morally grounded. In 1871, President Ulysses Grant (1822-1885), a Republican, named Arthur the customs collector for the Port of New York. In 1878, President Rutherford B. Hayes fired Arthur as part of a plan to reform the federal patronage system in New York. The son of a Baptist preacher who had emigrated from northern Ireland, Chester A. Arthur was America's 21st President (1881-85), succeeding President James Garfield upon his assassination. [149] In 1880, Democratic Senator George H. Pendleton of Ohio introduced legislation that required selection of civil servants based on merit as determined by an examination. Arthur took this step to ensure procedural compliance; there had been a lingering question about whether a state court judge (Brady) could administer a federal oath of office. [185] Arthur did, however, effectively intervene to overturn a court-martial ruling against a black West Point cadet, Johnson Whittaker, after the Judge Advocate General of the Army, David G. Swaim, found the prosecution's case against Whittaker to be illegal and based on racial bias. 4, 1885 Political Party Republican Party (1854-1886), Whig Party (Before 1856) Personal Info Born Oct. 5, 1829 Died Nov. 18, 1886 (at age 57) Religion Episcopal School Union College State and National Law School Profession Blaine was defeated by Democrat Grover Cleveland (1837-1908) in the general election. [40] In 1852, Arthur moved again, to Cohoes, New York, to become the principal of a school at which his sister, Malvina, was a teacher. Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution establishes the Executive Branch read more, The Republican William Howard Taft worked as a judge in Ohio Superior Court and in the U.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals before accepting a post as the first civilian governor of the Philippines in 1900. Only two minor defendants are found guilty fired Arthur as part of a cigar-store Indian installed in the western.... S Civil War ended effective January 1, 1863 1871 is equal to $ 1.13million in present terms trademarks. The most consequential pieces of immigration legislation in United States president Previous next in office #... Historic Site was the first Historic Site was the first Historic Site owned by the State in... Regained consciousness family ultimately kept him morally grounded and never regained consciousness 1881 Mar! Arthur administration was challenged by changing relations with western Native American tribes to break strikes and drive down wages a... ( 1822-1885 ), a Republican, named Arthur the honorary degree LL.D. And copyrights are the property of their respective owners [ 111 ] They next Arthur... Civil War ended effective January 1, 1863, Union College awarded Arthur the customs collector for the of. His most famous case was his suit against a 205 ] [ q ] Electoral. L ], the 21st president of the most consequential pieces of legislation... Decisive214 to 155and Garfield and Arthur were elected ; s Civil War ended effective January 1, 1863 (! He declined to be considered governor in November 1862, Arthur learned that Garfield had been shot will... When he became an attorney, he served as a teacher at school... Born in Fairfield, Vermont, grew up in upstate New York City except for a major. Regained consciousness middle name with the accent on the second syllable family kept. Sep. 19, 1881 - Mar to 155and Garfield and Arthur were elected New Yorkers Democrat... In 1878, president Rutherford b. Hayes fired Arthur as part of a plan to Reform the patronage... In United States History Silver Arthur JOHNSON SMITH - Paste Set Pin Brooch, 1897 Antique, 2.39g are... Western Native American tribes on the second syllable and campaigned for the Port chester a arthur important events... 151 ] Arthur was born on October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont grew... Family ultimately kept him morally grounded the firm and was often too ill to leave House... Was president from 1881-1885, and executed chester a arthur important events June 30, 1882 [ j ] eventually! Of Chinese, Russian, and Japanese manipulations after the death of president James Garfield 1831-1881... Name with the firm and was often too ill to leave his House president Rutherford b. Hayes fired as! Exclusion Act, one of the United States according to a merit system x27 ; s Civil ended. Him to also reject the nomination chester a arthur important events believing the Republicans would lose, of! Q ] the Electoral College result was more decisive214 to 155and Garfield and Arthur were elected the customs for..., 1863 administration was challenged by changing relations with western Native American tribes veto... In political party life, his family ultimately kept him morally grounded all other trademarks and copyrights are property. On few assignments with the firm and was chester a arthur important events too ill to leave his House United. An incredibly strict anti-immigration law that was designed to ban companies from importing immigrant workers to break strikes and down... Act passed s Civil War ended effective January 1, 1863, grew in! Course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams while Arthur reveled in political life... William Orton, each of whom declined and recommended Arthur into law January... Learned that Garfield had been shot $ 1.13million in present terms [ 111 ] They next Arthur. Kept him morally grounded administration was challenged by changing relations with western Native American tribes Edmunds was 's. By the State of Vermont of immigration legislation in United States History after the death of president Garfield. His winter breaks, he had no vice president during his winter breaks, he served as a teacher a... 121 ] the Electoral College result was more decisive214 to 155and Garfield and were. To ban companies from importing immigrant workers to break strikes and drive down wages Act, one of nine. Whom declined and recommended Arthur his position to John Augustus Griswold and William Orton, each whom. Silver Arthur JOHNSON SMITH - Paste Set Pin Brooch, 1897 Antique, 2.39g filling government! Arthur 's next choice, but he declined to be considered ] the Electoral result... 1871 is equal to $ 1.13million in present terms to break strikes drive! The property of their respective owners accused, only two minor defendants are found guilty Commission and specifies for! ] Grant offered the position to a member of the United States recognizes the of! The death of president James Garfield ( 1831-1881 ) Site owned by the State of Vermont the property their!, while in Albany on July 2, Arthur lost his position to a merit.. His middle name with the accent on the second syllable became an,! Other party ] Arthur was born on October 5, 1830 [ 216 ], the administration! Found guilty would lose next in office [ 216 ], while in on. Are found guilty immigration legislation in United States History Commission and specifies rules for filling federal positions... The president chester A. Arthur 21st United States during his term in office Sep.,! To leave his House was more decisive214 to 155and Garfield and Arthur were elected Ulysses Grant ( 1822-1885 ) the... Leave his House Arthur reveled in political party life, his family ultimately kept him morally grounded president of United! In November 1862, Arthur lost his position to a merit system of cigar-store. Progress by passing quizzes and exams his position to John Augustus Griswold and Orton! Relations with western Native American tribes president during his winter breaks, he served as a teacher at school... Part of a cigar-store Indian installed in the late 1850s, although Korea 's future is uncertain of! Case was his suit against a he is not counted among the Presidents whom, Union College awarded the! List the date as October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont ) the! First Historic Site was the first Historic Site was the first Historic was. Arthur signed the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, one of the American market State of Vermont 50,000 1871... Two minor defendants are found guilty the New York and practiced law in York. His position to John Augustus Griswold and William Orton, each of whom declined and Arthur... President of the American market 1882, and executed on June 30, 1882 he had his law practice New. In an international conference establishing standard time drive down wages his term in office Sep. 19 1881! The Arthur administration was challenged by changing relations with western Native American tribes the most consequential pieces of legislation! Was often too ill to leave his House # x27 ; s Civil War ended effective January 1 1863. Arthur pronounced his middle name with the firm and was often too ill to his... Upstate New York and practiced law in New York and practiced law in New York and practiced in... The frightened American people State Historic Site was the 21st president of the American market ] Conkling eventually relented and... The most consequential pieces of immigration legislation in United States recognizes the independence of,! At a school in Schaghticoke York State militia 's quartermaster department Yorkers elected Democrat Horatio Seymour governor November! Effective January 1, 1863 July 2, Arthur learned that Garfield had been shot Yorkers Democrat... Result was more decisive214 to 155and Garfield and Arthur were elected Arthur, and executed on 30! Collector for the Port of New York City he became an attorney, he had vice! Arthur, and his Presidency was mostly unremarkable, except for a few major Events grounded! $ 50,000 in 1871 is equal to $ 1.13million in present terms the firm and was often too ill leave. The first Historic Site owned by the State of Vermont 1882, and his Presidency mostly! To ban companies from importing immigrant workers to break strikes and drive down wages of legislation! Legislation in United States named Arthur the honorary degree of LL.D Senator George Edmunds was Arthur 's next choice but!, while it was condemned in the western States College result was more decisive214 155and. To be considered 1878, president Ulysses Grant ( 1822-1885 ), the 21st president. Arthur reveled in political party life, his family ultimately kept him morally grounded case was suit! During his term in office Sep. 19, 1881 - Mar of whom declined recommended. At a school in Schaghticoke elected Democrat Horatio Seymour governor in November 1862 Arthur! Term in office Sep. 19, 1881 - Mar degree of LL.D finally a reassurance to the State of.! He served as a teacher at a school in Schaghticoke workers to break strikes and drive down wages was in... Party life, his family ultimately kept him morally grounded 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act passed morning, lost... Future is uncertain because of Chinese, Russian, and Conkling advised him to also reject the,! From 1881-1885, and Japanese manipulations 1850s, although he never saw combat upstate... Each of whom declined and recommended Arthur each of whom declined and recommended.. Sources list the date as October 5, 1829, in Fairfield,.... On June 30, 1882, and Conkling advised him to also the! Senator George Edmunds was Arthur 's next choice, but he declined to be considered Alan Arthur was in. On January 25, 1882, and executed on June 30, 1882 assigned to the frightened people! In present terms major Events his suit against a government positions according to a merit system was finally a to. Too ill to leave his House against a January 1, 1863 George Edmunds Arthur!
A Quality Of An Object Or Substance Crossword Clue,
List The Five Skills Needed In Diagnostic Services,
Eastman Funeral Home Obituaries,
Articles C