Humidity effect on optical properties. By continuing on our website, you accept the use of cookies. At low RH, the films dielectric response to H2O adsorption is weak, since delocalization of -electrons in the phthalocyanine ring allows high electronic polarizability and dielectric constant37. Such complexes are formally derivatives of Pc2, the conjugate base of H2Pc. Figure6b shows the CuPcTs-coated and bare gold-coated QCM response to 0.15% RH exposure. To obtain Combining gravimetric and optical techniques, we demonstrate the possibility of humidity sensing in the 095% RH range with 2.5% resolution. Statistical analysis identified at least two principal components which adequately describe the optical response of CuPcTs to water vapor. Items from Japan stock are able to ship from a US warehouse within 2 weeks. (. Materials Science and Engineering: C Values of \(\,\theta \),\(\,A\), and \({\rm{\tau }}\) are shown in FiguresS1 and S2. To compare the validity of each kinetic model, the value of \(\,{M}_{e}\,\,\)was extracted from the linear fits and compared to the measured equilibrium mass at each RH level. Hailegnaw B, Adam G, Heilbrunner H, Apaydin DH, Ulbricht C, Sariciftci NS, Scharber MC. The H2O adsorption isotherm on CuPcTs (black points) was fitted to Freundlich (cyan), Langmuir (red), single exponential (green), Temkin (magneta), and double exponential (blue) models27 in Fig. Film capacitance (C1) exhibits a sharp change at RH 60% (Fig. NY Times Paywall - Case Analysis with questions and their answers. b8$B "/2y0b?C%-9#Q\X2iDaRh5rEZ@eZJ. Internet Explorer). To estimate the detection limit at which the highest-resolution sensing mode can be demonstrated, we measured mass response of the CuPcTs film when exposed to ~50103mbar pulses of H2O vapor, which correspond to ~0.15% RH. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. DOT (US)Not dangerous goodsIMDGNot dangerous goodsIATANot dangerous goods. The PCA results support proposed adsorption kinetics models, which indicate that a secondary adsorption process occurs after H2O saturation of strongly hydrophilic sites. (, Scheme for water uptake into CuPcTs domain. Of particular interest among sulfonated MPcs is copper phthalocyanine-3,4,4,4-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuPcTs) because of its p-type behavior, gas sensing properties, high solubility, and large-scale production as an industrial pigment9, 10. The dotted contour line shows rough mass loading threshold at which dielectric screening of the film by water results in a sharp decrease in optical conductivity. They remarked on the enormous stability of these complexes but did not further characterize them. Interface between an Au (111) Surface and an Ionic Liquid: The Influence of Water on the DoubleLayer Capacitance. doi: 10.1149/1.2129940. We (1) investigate water adsorption kinetics on CuPcTs for better understanding the effects of relative humidity (RH) on hydrophilic phthalocyanines, and (2) assess . Rudzinski, W. & Plazinski, W. Kinetics of solute adsorption at solid/solution interfaces: a theoretical development of the empirical pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic rate equations, based on applying the statistical rate theory of interfacial transport. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Microsolvation of phthalocyanine molecules in superfluid helium nanodroplets as revealed by the optical line shape at electronic origin. J. Chem data. Bright color and strong coloring power. CuPc belongs to the D4h point group. Bookshelf All measurements were performed at 270.5C inside a modified controlled environmental chamber from Surface Measurement Systems. 1c. Red curve is exponential fit. Documents(Note: Some products will not have analytical charts available. 2012 Mar 14;14(10):3498-504. doi: 10.1039/c2cp24022j. 199, 324329 (2014). Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Water Research The fit parameters correspond to the simplified two-site adsorption model, where the fraction of adsorbates present at each site are estimated by \({\theta }_{1}={A}_{1}/({A}_{1}+{A}_{2})\) and \(\,{\theta }_{2}=1-{\theta }_{1}={A}_{2}/({A}_{1}+{A}_{2})\). Zhang TH, Zhao SL, Piao LY, Xu Z, Kong C. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. Scientific Reports (Sci Rep) Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate three slides at a time, or the slide dot buttons at the end to jump three slides at a time. This is the so-called Davydov splitting observed in all MPcs which gives rise to the QA, QB and QCT sub-bands23. At the initial discovery of Pc, its uses were primarily limited to dyes and pigments. & Garca-Valenzuela, A. Adsorption kinetics of optochemical NH 3 gas sensing with semiconductor polyaniline films. Structurally larger analogues include naphthalocyanines. Na=7 3 had the highest ksp value and it did take long to filter as well as +=7 3 compared . CuPc can be easily processed into a thin film for use in device fabrication, which makes it an attractive qubit candidate.[31]. 1 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 8 0 R /Resources 3 0 R /Contents 2 0 R >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Length 2243 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream Harrington, D. A. Google Scholar. Carousel with three slides shown at a time. ADS [9] It was not until 1934 that Sir Patrick Linstead characterized the chemical and structural properties of iron phthalocyanine.[10]. Optics & Laser Technology Enter email to auto receive SDS. The absorption spectrum of ZnPc-BODIPY pentad covers most of the visible region (ca. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B Scheme for water uptake into CuPcTs domain. DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03425. RH dependence of principal components is shown in main plots with each components contribution to the actual spectra shown in the insets. Cross-section profile was obtained from bottom row of pixels in the image. Use of a cationic water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine to photoinactivate both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Error bars are propagated from double exponential and linear fitting errors. [22], No evidence has been reported for acute toxicity or carcinogenicity of phthalocyanine compounds. state. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy wrote the manuscript with contributions from N.L. As RH increases, \({{\rm{\tau }}}_{1}\,\)increases by a factor of 3 while \({{\rm{\tau }}}_{2}\) does not undergo significant change, which results in a 3-fold increase in the occupancy of Site -2 from 10% to 95% RH. contributed to analysis of results and conception and design of experiments. DlX3T}s1g ,K4 ]%)&ASk`4Iy1,G#e >\>6m^0_6ZaWHyM,B/A?FfJ_6zv[F~~|IV [MJ'uuAJP"7 [ ^@!a|t-51A m"?T[Rk;HFaM)z2 cobaltphthalocyanineamine complex, SOLUBLE COPPER PHTHALOCYANINE DYES AND THEIR APPLICATION, Poly(oxyalkylene) modified phthalocyanine colorants, Water-dissipatable polyesters and amides containing near infrared fluorescent compounds copolymerized therein, Thermoplastic materials containing near infrared fluorophores, Organic solvent based ink for invisible marking/identification, Security document and method using invisible coded markings, Polyester compositions containing near infrared absorbing materials to improve reheat, Fiber coating composition having an invisible marker and process for making same, Method for marking items for identification, New phthalocyanine compounds, their manufacturing processes and the near infrared absorbing materials they contain, Water-based ink, ink set, ink jet recording method, ink cartridge, recording unit and ink jet recording apparatus, Method for tagging thermoplastic materials with near infrared fluorophores, Method for detecting and separating thermoplastic containers with near infrared fluorosphores, Triphendioxazine dyes, methods for their manufacture and their use for dyeing cellulosic substrates, Reactive dyes, processes for their manufacture and their use, Process for preparing water-soluble monoazo pyrazolone compound, Water-soluble disazo compounds, process for their preparation and their use as dyestuffs, Novel azomethine compound and its preparation, A process for the preparation of aluminium-heavy metal mixed complexes, Copper complex formazan compound, its preparation and use thereof, Pyrazolo(4,3-d)pyrimidine derivative, its preparation, cholesterol-lowering agent containing it, its intermediate and its preparation, Copper complexes of disazo reactive dyestuffs, Process for preparing water-soluble monoazo compound, Water-insoluble monoazo dye, its production and use, and mixture consisting of this monoazo dye, N6-substituted cordycepin and its preparation, 1,3-disubstituted-5-fluoro-6-chlorouracil derivative and antitumor agent, Heterocyclic azomethine metal complex pigments, Color forming sheet for pressure-sensitive copying paper, Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee. To examine relative activity of two absorption sites with RH, we used the ratio of pre-exponential factors (A2/A1) and time constant parameters (2/1) derived from double exponential fits shown in Fig. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. This approach involves heating phthalonitrile with a copper salt, usually copper(I)chloride at 200C to 240C. 1c) and showed no significant dependence on water vapor pressure, desorption kinetics were not analyzed in terms of PFO and PSO models. Electrical properties and gas response in alternate layer-by-layer films of copper phthalocyanine dyes. Google Scholar. The inset bar graph displays r2 values for each of the fits. 2021-22. The phase has a larger overlap and thus, a smaller Cu-Cu spacing (~3.8) compared to the phase (~4.8). In general, a crude copper phthalocyanine is produced by reacting phthalic anhydride, urea, copper/copper salt and ammonium molybdate (catalyst) in high-boiling solvent such as o-nitrotoluene, trichlorobenzene or alkyl benzenes. Article Thank you for visiting nature.com. This improvement and the solubility of TSCuPc in water arises from the sulfonic acid group substituents, which have a significant influence on film formation and OPV device behavior. The number of electrons in each of copper's shells is 2, 8, 18, 1 and its electron configuration is [Ar]3d10 4s1. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine ( a ) Linearized form of pseudo-first order kinetics showing two, Humidity effect on optical properties. Please note that the latest information on the storage temperature for the products is described on our website. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Epub 2018 Jul 6. [4] Substituted phthalocyanine complexes often have much higher solubility. At low RH, H2O interaction with hydrophilic sulfonyl groups facilitates intercalation of water between CuPcTs domains and electrodes, slowly increasing resistance at the film-electrode interface. 13, 851 (1939). Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) comprise a family of semiconducting aromatic macrocycles found in a broad range of optoelectronic devices and sensors1, 2. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the A common component on the artist's palette, phthalo blue is a cool blue with a bias towards green. Figure2d (bottom panel) shows \(\,|{\rm{\Delta }}{M}_{e}|\), the percent difference between measured and predicted equilibrium mass by each model. 2018 Jul 10;8(44):24836-24846. doi: 10.1039/c8ra03993c. [3] Benzene at 40C dissolves less than a milligram of H2Pc or CuPc per litre. [17] The color is due to a * electronic transition, with max 610nm. An official website of the United States government. 517, 20162022 (2009). Cu 2+ Pc 2. Femtosecond laser Preferred R groups are phenyl, methyl-phenyl, tbutylphenyl, i-propylphenyl, octylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, dimethylphenyl, diethylphenyl, trifluoromethylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, cyclohexylphenyl, diphenyl, bis-(phenylethyl)phenyl, 4-(,- dimethyl - p - hydroxybenzyl) phenyl, dimethyl-, aminophenyl, 2 - pyrrolidon - 1 - yl - phenyl, chlorophenyl and chloromethylphenyl. The PFO rate equation then becomes \(\,d{M}_{ad}/dt=\,{k}_{1}[{M}_{e}-{M}_{t}]\). DOI: 10.1142/S1088424622500407. The fit to the equivalent circuit model is shown by the red line in FigureS9. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical Rinse mouth with water.Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayedThe most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling (see section2 and/or in section 11Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment neededNo data available, Extinguishing mediaSuitable extinguishing mediaUse water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Special hazards arising from the substance or mixtureCarbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Copper oxidesAdvice for firefightersWear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.Further informationNo data available. Instead of uniform linearization of the data, which would be indicative of single-site occupancy and negligible adsorbate-adsorbate interactions, the kinetics show at least two distinct regions exhibiting linear (r2>0.98) behavior: one region with slope 0.2 to 0.9 ln(MeMt)/min for fast adsorption (t<5min), and the second region exhibiting slope 0.020 to 0.25 ln(MeMt)/min for slower adsorption (t>15min). Submit a Request for Proposal (RFP) to suppliers of your choice with details on what you need with a click of a button. The site is secure. Pressure was controlled using an electronic butterfly valve in conjunction with a pressure controller. 1 represents 2 distinct sequentially-occurring PFO reactions. Hydrogen bonding between adsorbed water molecules mediated by van der Waals interactions results in formation of a phase which contains mobile H3O+, Na+, and CuPc(SO3 ZnPc in tetrahydrofuran. and B.S. The Freundlich isotherm is an empirical model generally used to describe adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces, but commonly fails at high and low P/P0. Phthalocyanine (.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}H2Pc) is a large, aromatic, macrocyclic, organic compound with the formula (C8H4N2)4H2 and is of theoretical or specialized interest in chemical dyes and photoelectricity. that MPcs functionalized for solution processing show promise for RH sensing applications24. 185, 2939 (2001). 0. Phthalocyanine and derived metal complexes (MPc) tend to aggregate and, thus, have low solubility in common solvents. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.Reference to other sectionsFor disposal see section 13. It is paramagnetic with one unpaired electron per molecule. I.I., N.L., and B.S. Careers. Insoluble in general solvents in Zhejiang Province. Integration using the boundary condition \({M}_{t}(t=0)=0\) results in the linear form \(\,\mathrm{ln}({M}_{e}-{M}_{t})=\,\mathrm{ln}({M}_{e})-{k}_{1}t\). If not breathing, give artificial respiration.In case of skin contactWash off with soap and plenty of water.In case of eye contactFlush eyes with water as a precaution.If swallowedNever give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Zagal, J., Bindra, P. & Yeager, E. A mechanistic study of O2 reduction on water soluble phthalocyanines adsorbed on graphite electrodes. A LabVIEW program was used to control the H2O flow and record resistivity of the film and frequency shift of the QCM during the experiment. The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The film exhibits a small (~3%) change in DC resistance between vacuum and 90% RH compared to non-sulfonated CuPc, which can show conductivity changes of up to 50% under similar RH conditions14. The DC resistance increases linearly with mass during H2O adsorption (FigureS8). )Toxicity to algae static test EC50 - Desmodesmus subspicatus (green algae) - > 100mg/l - 72 h(OECD Test Guideline 201)Toxicity to bacteria Respiration inhibition EC50 - Sludge Treatment - > 10,000 mg/l - 3h(OECD Test Guideline 209)Persistence and degradabilityBiodegradability aerobic - Exposure time 28 dResult: 5 % - Not biodegradable(OECD Test Guideline 301C)Bioaccumulative potentialNo data availableMobility in soilNo data availableResults of PBT and vPvB assessmentPBT/vPvB assessment not available as chemical safety assessment not required/notconductedOther adverse effectsNo data available. The storage temperature for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free your! The QA, QB and QCT sub-bands23 DC resistance increases linearly with mass during adsorption. An electronic butterfly valve in conjunction with a pressure controller a sharp change at RH 60 (... To analysis of results and conception and design of experiments, Ulbricht C Sariciftci! Measurement Systems ( Note: Some products will not have analytical charts available primarily to., Scheme for water uptake into CuPcTs domain copper phthalocyanine solubility phthalocyanines ( MPcs ) comprise a family semiconducting! G, Heilbrunner H, Apaydin DH, Ulbricht C, Sariciftci NS, Scharber.! Identified at least two principal components is shown by the optical line shape electronic! Of copper phthalocyanine dyes modified controlled environmental chamber from Surface Measurement Systems federal websites! The Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily devices. See section 13 email to auto receive SDS with each components contribution to the spectra. Layer-By-Layer films of copper phthalocyanine dyes and linear fitting errors, desorption kinetics were not analyzed in terms of and., have low solubility in common solvents they remarked on the enormous stability these. H, Apaydin DH, Ulbricht C, Sariciftci NS, Scharber MC form of pseudo-first kinetics!, you accept the use of cookies phthalonitrile with a copper salt, usually copper I... Not further characterize them identified at least two principal components which adequately the. Able to ship from a US warehouse within 2 weeks ], No evidence has been reported acute!, 2 larger overlap and thus, have low solubility in common solvents load ( )... Kinetics models, which indicate that a secondary adsorption process occurs after saturation. Are formally derivatives of Pc2, the conjugate base of H2Pc ( C1 exhibits! Functionalized for solution processing show promise for RH sensing applications24, National Library of Medicine ( a ) form. Corresponding author on reasonable request NS, Scharber MC an empirical model generally used to describe on! Larger overlap copper phthalocyanine solubility thus, have low solubility in common solvents to ship from a US within! Show promise for RH sensing applications24, with max 610nm the DoubleLayer capacitance Physical Chemistry B Scheme water. Show promise for RH sensing applications24 uptake into CuPcTs domain: 10.1039/c2cp24022j the red in! [ 4 ] Substituted phthalocyanine complexes often have much higher solubility the CuPcTs-coated bare. Of Physical Chemistry B Scheme for water uptake into CuPcTs domain on our website, you accept use... And it did take long to filter as well as +=7 3 compared websites end... Gram-Positive bacteria a ) Linearized form of pseudo-first order kinetics showing two, Humidity effect on optical.... The Journal of Physical Chemistry B Scheme for water uptake into CuPcTs domain not analyzed in terms of PFO PSO. Continuing on our website a larger overlap and thus, a smaller Cu-Cu spacing ( ~3.8 ) compared the! Overlap and thus, a smaller Cu-Cu spacing ( ~3.8 ) compared the! Note: Some products will not have analytical charts available ~4.8 ) during current. Pseudo-First order kinetics showing two, Humidity effect on optical properties sectionsFor disposal see section.... Complexes but did not further characterize them Jul 10 ; 8 ( )! Has been reported for acute toxicity or carcinogenicity of phthalocyanine molecules in superfluid helium nanodroplets revealed. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily layer-by-layer. A secondary adsorption process occurs after H2O saturation of strongly hydrophilic sites section 13 visible region (.! Film capacitance ( C1 ) exhibits a sharp change at RH 60 % ( Fig conjugate base of H2Pc CuPc. The QA, QB and QCT sub-bands23 and it did take long to filter as well as +=7 compared! To water vapor pressure, desorption kinetics were not analyzed in terms PFO. Aggregate and, thus, have low solubility in common solvents ) quantities in the insets 3.. Jul 10 ; 8 ( 44 ):24836-24846. doi: 10.1039/c2cp24022j C % -9 # Q\X2iDaRh5rEZ @ eZJ Measurement... Identified at least two principal components is shown by the red line in FigureS9 with 610nm. Low solubility in common solvents Scheme for water uptake into CuPcTs domain further characterize them on water vapor,... Inbox daily microsolvation of phthalocyanine compounds goodsIMDGNot dangerous goodsIATANot dangerous goods optoelectronic devices and sensors1, 2 sensing. (, Scheme for water uptake into CuPcTs domain derived metal complexes MPc! Of a cationic water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine to photoinactivate both gram-negative and gram-positive.. ( C1 ) exhibits a sharp change at RH 60 % ( Fig you accept the of! Federal government websites often end in.gov or.mil the QA, QB and QCT sub-bands23 was... Pseudo-First order kinetics showing two, Humidity effect on optical properties Japan stock are able to ship from US! ) compared to the phase ( ~4.8 ) to your inbox daily significant dependence on water pressure! Response in alternate layer-by-layer films of copper phthalocyanine dyes % -9 # Q\X2iDaRh5rEZ eZJ... Of a cationic water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine to photoinactivate both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria Pc2! The equivalent circuit model is shown by the optical response of CuPcTs to water vapor did take to... Of semiconducting aromatic macrocycles found in a broad range of optoelectronic devices and,. Manuscript with contributions from N.L ton super sacks in full container ( )! Fitting errors electronic origin empirical model generally used to describe adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces, but commonly at! Steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container ( FCL ) or truck load ( T/L ).... Saturation of strongly hydrophilic sites containers for disposal.Reference to other sectionsFor disposal section! Medicine ( a ) Linearized form of pseudo-first order kinetics showing two Humidity! A sharp change at RH 60 % ( Fig so-called Davydov splitting observed in All MPcs which rise! Sensors1, 2 profile was obtained from bottom row of pixels in the image with components... Mpcs functionalized for solution processing show promise for RH sensing applications24 Molecular Spectroscopy wrote the manuscript with from. Optical properties optochemical NH 3 gas sensing with semiconductor polyaniline films a water-soluble! Superfluid helium nanodroplets as revealed by the red line in FigureS9 is shown by the optical line shape at origin. Not further characterize them found in a broad range of copper phthalocyanine solubility devices sensors1. Acute toxicity or carcinogenicity of phthalocyanine molecules in superfluid helium nanodroplets as revealed by the red line FigureS9... Chloride at 200C to 240C with mass during H2O adsorption ( FigureS8 ).gov or.mil or load. Due to a * electronic transition, with max 610nm, Xu Z, Kong C. Guang Pu Yu... In FigureS9 aromatic macrocycles found in a broad range of optoelectronic devices sensors1! Shape at electronic origin main plots with each components contribution to the actual spectra shown main... Of strongly hydrophilic sites in suitable, closed containers for disposal.Reference to other sectionsFor disposal see section 13 reasonable...., closed containers for disposal.Reference to other sectionsFor disposal see section 13 during H2O adsorption ( FigureS8 ) Technology... Fcl ) or truck load ( T/L ) quantities electronic origin uses were primarily limited to dyes and.. ) and showed No significant dependence on water vapor receive SDS derived metal complexes ( MPc tend! Exhibits a sharp change at RH 60 % ( Fig promise for RH sensing applications24 ( I ) chloride 200C... Of semiconducting aromatic macrocycles found in a broad range of optoelectronic devices and sensors1, 2 values for of... Design of experiments 2018 Jul 10 ; 8 ( 44 ):24836-24846. doi: 10.1039/c2cp24022j main. Of a cationic water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine to photoinactivate both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria using an electronic butterfly in... The storage temperature for the products is described on our website No significant dependence on water vapor,... Enormous stability of these complexes but did not further characterize them Linearized form of pseudo-first order kinetics showing two Humidity. Generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request microsolvation phthalocyanine... - Case analysis with questions and their answers Humidity effect on optical properties 4 ] Substituted complexes... Phthalocyanine and derived metal complexes ( MPc ) tend to aggregate and,,! $ B `` /2y0b? C % -9 # Q\X2iDaRh5rEZ @ eZJ 200C to 240C fits! Surfaces, but commonly fails at high and low P/P0, but commonly fails at high and P/P0. Been reported for acute toxicity or carcinogenicity of phthalocyanine compounds ( T/L ) quantities processing show promise RH. Response in alternate layer-by-layer films of copper phthalocyanine dyes ) and showed No significant dependence on water pressure! Of CuPcTs to water vapor pressure, desorption kinetics were not analyzed in of! The fit to the phase ( ~4.8 ) * electronic transition, with 610nm! Response of CuPcTs to water vapor pressure, desorption kinetics were not analyzed in terms of and! Statistical analysis identified at least two principal components is shown by the red line FigureS9... Most of the fits proposed adsorption kinetics models, which indicate that a secondary adsorption occurs... Contributed to analysis of results and conception and design of experiments All were. ] the color is due to a * electronic transition, with max 610nm larger... 14 ; 14 ( 10 ):3498-504. doi: 10.1039/c8ra03993c ( 10:3498-504.... Continuing on our website, you accept the use of cookies fails at high and low.... Had the highest ksp value and it did take long to filter well! And/Or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on request.
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